eLawNetw rk.com v4.1 by Sundeep Chauhan
Articles - Latest Articles
Chinese software pirates get prison sentences (news.findlaw.com)
Online auctions remain piracy problem for Microsoft (CNET News.com)
Copyright war hurts local ISPs (australianit.news.com.au)
Tighter copyright rules urged (australianit.news.com.au)
Google book search deal is good news for copyright law (business.timesonline.co.uk)
Napster Judge Calls for Major Copyright Reform (wired.com)
Viacom hopes Google's book settlement teaches it a lesson (CNET News.com)
Google settles copyright dispute with authors, publishers (afp.google.com)
Google turns tables on Viacom's 'copyright cop' (marketwatch.com)
10 Years Later, Misunderstood DMCA is the Law That Saved the Web (wired.com)
Dutch court convicts teens for stealing pixels (theregister.co.uk)
Russian police expose over 4,000 copyright crimes this year (en.rian.ru)
Apple, Psystar Go To Mediation In Copyright Dispute (crn.com)
BSA: Software piracy's 'tragic' impact on US society (channelregister.co.uk)
EU to push for music copyright of 95 years (ft.com)
House passes copyright enforcement bill (infoworld.com)
House passes PRO-IP piracy Act (variety.com)
Reports: Beijing court hands down first jail term for copyright infringement (iht.com)
China and Russia still piracy hotbeds, says US gov (channelregister.co.uk)
U.S. eyes China, Russia, 44 others over piracy (CNET News.com)
Australia stalls on indigenous copyright: expert (business.theage.com.au)
Global smackdown against cyber piracy now includes Japan (CNET News.com)
Air Force Cyber Command's New Weapon: DMCA Notices (wired.com)
Schools 'risk copyright breach' (news.bbc.co.uk)
Publishers phase out piracy protection on audio books (CNET News.com)
Designers in copyright frays (timesonline.co.uk)
Andre Agassi sues Target over sandal with his name on it (findlaw.com)
Warez land man 30 months in prison (channelregister.co.uk)
Share news stories without permission, get fined? (CNET News.com)
French publishers of Harry Potter not seeking damages from 16-year-old translator (news.findlaw.com)
U.S. pushes WTO piracy case against China (CNET News.com)
U.S. athletic wear giant Nike accuses Italian shoemaker Geox of copying design (news.findlaw.com)
Sports leagues accused of deceptive warnings (CNET News.com)
Google, Others Contest Copyright Warnings (online.wsj.com)
JK Rowling rails against spoilers (news.bbc.co.uk)
Distributor mails final Potter book early (msnbc.msn.com)
Nike files lawsuit in China over alleged copying of Air Jordan logo (news.findlaw.com)
German parliament passes new Copyright Act (heise.de)
NBC Tells FCC To Fight Traffic In Stolen Digital Goods (broadcastingcable.com)
EU seeks comment on loosening copyright rules (CNET News.com)
Piracy in China is smart, hilarious, critics say (CNET News.com)
CD WOW! vows to take £35m High Court defeat to Europe (channelregister.co.uk)
Korea agrees to step up IP enforcment, target P2P services in pact with US (arstechnica.com)
Sony to Ship HD Radios in July (dailytech.com)
CD seller to pay damages of £40m in copyright case (ft.com)
Pirates release fully cracked Vista install (theinquirer.net)
Google Wins Appeal on Copyright of Nude Images (washingtonpost.com)
Symantec pursues $55m copyright damages (theregister.co.uk)
MPs cosy up with Sir Cliff on copyright term (theregister.co.uk)
Gonzales proposes new crime: "Attempted" copyright infringement (CNET News.com)
US beefs up copyright piracy laws (mybroadband.co.za)
Court fines Russian teacher in Microsoft piracy case (CNET News.com)
Aussie software pirate extradited (smh.com.au)
Google Lists Belgian Newspapers Again as Copyright Row Cools (law.com)
Digg buried by users in piracy face-down (theregister.co.uk)
EU presses China for 'results' in WTO talks over copyright piracy (eubusiness.com)
US targeting China, Russia, 10 others for copyright piracy (boston.com)
European Parliament backs criminal laws for commercial copyright infringement (pcpro.co.uk)
Karaoke Business Convicted for Copyright (forbes.com)
Copyright laws tested on the web (australianit.news.com.au)
Google confident about copyright (cnn.com)
Malaysia uses sniffer dogs to fight piracy (CNET News.com)
BSA fires off writs against online resellers (channelregister.co.uk)
Two cheers for intellectual-property law (CNET News.com)
Microsoft hits out at Google over copyright (technology.guardian.co.uk)
Yahoo China sued for alleged copyright breach (CNET News.com)
Microsoft attacks Google on books (news.bbc.co.uk)
Microsoft to blast Google over copyrights (CNET News.com)
Aboriginal artists become victims of their success (canberra.yourguide.com.au)
Woman accuses Yahoo of stealing her image (CNET News.com)
Windows adds 'maybe pirate' category (CNET News.com)
Court Dismisses Winnie The Pooh Copyright Lawsuit (abclocal.go.com)
Malaysia targets illegal software sellers amid Windows Vista piracy fears (news.findlaw.com)
Piracy case collapses in Russia (news.bbc.co.uk)
Piracy case puts Russian village schoolteacher on trial, Microsoft in spotlight (news.findlaw.com)
Google suffers setback in copyright case (news.zdnet.com)
Belgian court rules against Google over copyright (CNET News.com)
Court rules Google violated copyright laws (iht.com)
New copyright police to increase raids and seizures in UK (theregister.co.uk)
China shuts 205 Web sites in piracy crackdown (CNET News.com)
Gorbachev wades into piracy row (news.bbc.co.uk)
Court awards Microsoft Canada $700,000 in piracy case (itworldcanada.com)
Romania: Software piracy made us what we are today (theregister.co.uk)
California man busted for software piracy (theregister.co.uk)
Tom Waits Wins Big In Car Ad Copyright Case (postchronicle.com)
US copyright appeal rejected (australianit.news.com.au)
Court upholds copyright law on 'orphan works' (CNET News.com)
Court: Promoter Can't Stop EBay Scalping (news.findlaw.com)
EU withdraws copyright levies plan (businessweek.com)
EU Commission delays copyright levy reform (washingtonpost.com)
Google's copyright fix (http://money.cnn.com)
WIPO Publishes Guide on Copyright and Related Rights for Business (ag-ip-news.com)
Microsoft aims at counterfeit holiday hucksters with copyright infringement suits (echannelline.com)
Trade agreement targets AllofMP3 (news.bbc.co.uk)
Google (partially) settles Belgian copyright case (theregister.co.uk)
Cell phone reuse among new rights issued (businessweek.com)
New Australian copyright rules 'restrictive': Google (theage.com.au)
MS settles claims, prices Vista (australianit.news.com.au)
Microsoft targets auctioneers of pirated software (CNET News.com)
Microsoft dodges court in Belgian copyright battle (theregister.co.uk)
We're Google. So sue us. (CNET News.com)
Google's copyright nightmare (news.bbc.co.uk)
Microsoft to step up anti-piracy stance with Windows Vista (news.findlaw.com)
Creatives slam British Council copyright report (theregister.co.uk)
Mobile ESPN to close, move to licensing (CNET News.com)
Microsoft sues over source code theft (news.zdnet.com)
British Library calls for digital copyright action (CNET News.com)
Google refuses to post text of Belgian court ruling on company Web sites (news.findlaw.com)
Students Rebel Against Database Designed to Thwart Plagiarists (washingtonpost.com)
Are Search Engine Spiders Infringing on Copyright? Belgium Speaks Out (isedb.com)
Google News to appeal Belgian copyright decision (theregister.co.uk)
Microsoft sues 20 dealers for software piracy (theinquirer.net)
Google loses in Belgian court (CNET News.com)
Google News faces 1m fine in Brussels (theregister.co.uk)
Belgian court cracks down on Google News links (reuters.co.uk)
Court rules that television's `Rock Star' band cannot use the name Supernova (news.findlaw.com)
U.S. urges countries to turn down heat on Apple (CNET News.com)
Nike scores own goal on Hackney Marshes (media.guardian.co.uk)
Nike pays local London council for using name, logo (news.findlaw.com)
Man gets 7 years for software piracy (CNET News.com)
Major U.S. software pirate gets six years for conspiracy, copyright infringement (echannelline.com)
Google expands online news index to include older news articles (news.findlaw.com)
Feds Seize Thousands of Fake Nike Shoes (news.findlaw.com)
Russia Toughens Internet Piracy Law to Meet WTO Entry Terms (mosnews.com)
Google makes novels free to print (news.bbc.co.uk)
Six years for copyright conviction (news.zdnet.co.uk)
Apple axes Leopard-downloading workers (theregister.co.uk)
100 Web Sites Closed By Chinese Government For Copyright Violation (allheadlinenews.com)
A Nation Divided Over Piracy (wired.com)
Lawsuits accuse Net download services of scamming (CNET News.com)
An end run round copyright laws? (CNET News.com)
Apple's Leopard shows up on file sharing sites (zdnet.com.au)
Publishers Oppose Google Plan To Post Books Online (freeinternetpress.com)
Newspaper Prevails in Photographer's Copyright Suit (law.com)
Google in book digitizing contract with University of California (itwire.com.au)
Copyright suit challenges what's public vs. private (myrtlebeachonline.com)
Piracy pair ordered to pay back £600,000 (pcpro.co.uk)
Copyright Issues Present Ongoing Dilemma: To Link or Not To Link? (ojr.org)
Google royalty-free content: fair use, or foul play? (zdnet.com)
Google's copyright tussles (CNET News.com)
MTV channel buys online college newspaper firm (CNET News.com)
L'Oreal wins copyright claim from Dutch Supreme Court (cosmeticsdesign-europe.com)
China considers karaoke club copyright fees (cbc.ca)
France's copyright overhaul under pressure (pcpro.co.uk)
DMCA excluded from storage tape repair case (theregister.co.uk)
DMCA dismissed from tape backup lawsuit (CNET News.com)
Microsoft sues resellers over software piracy (CNET News.com)
Pirates makers face lawsuit (movienews.virgin.net)
Gracenote, music publishers in lyrics deal (CNET News.com)
UK music bodies call for copyright reform (pcpro.co.uk)
Copy Instruments, Not Music (wired.com)
Companies Fight Back Against China Piracy (washingtonpost.com)
Publishers unite against Google (business.guardian.co.uk)
Software pirate pleads guilty in Autodesk, Adobe case (CNET News.com)
Industries lobby EU Commission to cut copyright fees (theregister.co.uk)
Anti-piracy tool confuses users (news.bbc.co.uk)
XP pirate checks dropped (australianit.news.com.au)
Software pirate pleads guilty in Autodesk, Adobe case (CNET News.com)
Yoga copyright raises questions of ownership (usatoday.com)
Spain adds levy to blank discs (theregister.co.uk)
Legal victory for Google in library project (business.guardian.co.uk)
Jury awards Nortel $47.4 million in copyright lawsuit (mercurynews.com)
US urges China to stop copyright piracy, widen market access (forbes.com)
China enacts Internet copyright regulation (infoworld.nl)
Chinese gov't passes new regulation on Internet copyright (tmcnet.com)
Study: Software piracy costs $34 billion (news.zdnet.com)
BSA urges government to fight software pirates (theregister.co.uk)
Call to target UK software piracy (news.bbc.co.uk)
Industry group says software piracy down in China and Russia (news.findlaw.com)
Only in America? Copyright Law Key to Global Free Software Model (technewsworld.com)
China's booming blogs call for copyright protection (news.xinhuanet.com)
Poll: 55% break copyright law (theregister.co.uk)
Legalise personal music copying, says BPI (telegraph.co.uk)
EU seeks minimum sentence for goods forgery (news.ft.com)
Skype strikes deals with music publishers (news.zdnet.co.uk)
Europe's plan to hunt down pirates (theregister.co.uk)
U.S. could complain to WTO over China piracy (CNET News.com)
Congress readies broad new digital copyright bill (CNET News.com)
U.S. calls for more antipiracy action from China (CNET News.com)
China to tackle software piracy (news.bbc.co.uk)
U.S. Prepares WTO Lawsuit on China's Copyright Laws (Update1) (bloomberg.com)
China targets PC makers in anti-piracy drive (washingtonpost.com)
China, Russia worst pirates (australianit.news.com.au)
Lawmakers: Pirates find haven in Russia, China (CNET News.com)
Judge says Seigles own Superboy. Will is affect "Smallville"? (comicbookresources.com)
Piracy crackdown urged in Russia (news.bbc.co.uk)
AG tells kids to respect copyright laws when surfing the Net (mercurynews.com)
WTO demand to combat fakes, copyright abuse is fair - Duma Speaker (en.rian.ru)
Hollywood lobbyist off to Russia for piracy talks (reuters.com)
High court upholds appeal on copyright fees (stuff.co.nz)
Blizzard sued by WOW guide author (gamespot.com)
China is biggest loser from copyright piracy -U.S (reuters.com)
China says piracy can't be eliminated overnight (washingtonpost.com)
Software developer boxes pirate senseless (theregister.co.uk)
Business, anti-piracy groups criticize Russian copyright bill (siliconvalley.com)
Newman backs US image rights bill (news.bbc.co.uk)
Is Google Redefining Digital Copyright Law? Final Outcome Still Unknown (localtechwire.com)
Piracy Remains Threat in Southeast Asia (news.findlaw.com)
Creative Commons licence upheld by court (news.zdnet.co.uk)
Judge closes Web site over copyright issues (kansascity.com)
Google scores copyright victory (news.zdnet.co.uk)
US judge dismisses Google copyright case (theage.com.au)
Google wins Usenet copyright case (theregister.co.uk)
Online hawkers sued (australianit.news.com.au)
Microsoft Files Piracy Charges Against Eight (informationweek.com)
Microsoft sues alleged software bootleggers selling over eBay (forbes.com)
Singapore files landmark copyright case (telecomasia.net)
Blanket digital licence fails in France (theregister.co.uk)
Most ISPs to limit P2P traffic (itnews.com.au)
Will France, birthplace of copyright, go soft on piracy? (iht.com)
Copyright levy not intended to punish anybody (gov.bw)
Singapore company charged with using pirated software (news.findlaw.com)
Lawyer insists Microsoft infringed antipiracy patent (CNET News.com)
American Airlines subpoenas Google, YouTube (CNET News.com)
Pair indicted for alleged copyright theft (nashvillecitypaper.com)
Techies get set for Austin's South by Southwest (CNET News.com)
China to draft new copyright laws this year (computerpartner.nl)
Google subpoenaed by airline (siliconvalley.com/)
China has new plan to protect intellectual property rights (siliconvalley.com)
French MPs fail to legalise file sharing (pcpro.co.uk)
French MPs debate file-share law (news.bbc.co.uk)
France moves on 'download fee' (australianit.news.com.au)
New debate for French piracy law (news.bbc.co.uk)
France may adopt download licence (theregister.co.uk)
France pushing for anti-piracy crackdown (businessweek.com)
Anti-piracy groups warn Russian draft intellectual property law will harm WTO bid (findlaw.com)
Copyright makes web a turn-off (australianit.news.com.au)
Aussie rumble over copyright fees for educational web use (arstechnica.com)
Google joins National Archives for video (washingtonpost.com)
Google Ready To Appeal Photo Copyright Ruling (informationweek.com)
Gutierrez says China must stop buying pirated computer software (usatoday.com)
No Googling Perfect 10's Nudes (wired.com)
US seeks accused Aussie internet pirate (theage.com.au)
Apple Intel hacker launches new site (macworld.co.uk)
Copyright office head denounces "big mistake" of extending copyright (boingboing.net)
Digital Books Start A New Chapter (businessweek.com)
Google Perfect 10 thumbnails 'breach copyright' (theregister.co.uk)
Nude photo site wins injunction against Google (CNET News.com)
Microsoft reveals piracy battle plan for the UK (theregister.co.uk)
Apple uses DMCA to close down hacker sites (CNET News.com)
OSx86 reopens forum after removing links (macnn.com)
Call for reform as unlicensed software use rises (theregister.co.uk)
China pledges piracy fight (australianit.news.com.au)
China shuts 76 Web sites in crackdown on piracy (today.reuters.com)
US groups want piracy retaliation (australianit.news.com.au)
Russian Pirates Cost U.S. Companies $1.8B (chron.com)
Copyright Piracy in Asia - An Update (hdtvmagazine.com)
Photocopying for college student 'coursepacks' draws copyright suit (usatoday.com)
Authors, publishers to get $500,000 payback under copyright licensing (channelnewsasia.com)
China reports closure of 76 Web sites in online piracy crackdown (findlaw.com)
Cases
Blake v. Google NO. CV-S-04-0413-RCJ-LRL (eff.org)
EMI Records (Ireland) Ltd & Ors v. Eircom Ltd & Anor [2005] IEHC 233 (bailii.org)
METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS INC., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. GROKSTER, LTD., ET AL. (SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES) - Majority Opinion
METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS INC., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. GROKSTER, LTD., ET AL. (SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES) - Justice Ginsburg Concurrence
METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS INC., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. GROKSTER, LTD., ET AL. (SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES) - Justice Breyer Concurrence
Capitol Records, Inc., v. Naxos of America, Inc., USCOA, 2 No.30 (findlaw.com)
Robertson v. Thompson Corporation (COURT OF APPEAL FOR ONTARIO)
BRIDGEPORT MUSIC INC v. DIMENSION FILMS 2004 FED App. 0297P (6th Cir.)
The Chamberlain Group Inc. v. Skylink Technologies Inc. No. 041118 - 08/31/2004
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster Ltd. 03-55894 (uscourts.gov) (pdf)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster Ltd. (eff.org) (pdf) - Order granting defendants' motions for summary judgement
Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment v Stevens [2003] FCAFC 157 (30 July 2003)
CoStar Group v. Loopnet (caselaw.lp.findlaw.com)
Luck's Music Library, Inc. v. John Ashcroft Civil Action No. 01-2220 (dcd.uscourts.gov)
Arista Records, Inc. v. Sakfield Holding Company Civil Action No. 03-1474 (pdf)
Nxivm Corporation v. The Ross Institute (U.S. Court Of Appeals, Second Circuit)
BMG v. John Doe 2004 FC 488 (canfli.org) (pdf)
Kahle v. Ashcroft (cyberlaw.stanford.edu) (pdf)
Mastercard International Incorporated v. Ralph Nader (lawgeek.typepad.com) (pdf)
Network Ten Pty Limited v TCN Channel Nine Pty Limited [2004] HCA 14
DVD Copy Control Association Inc. v. Andrew Bunner (Court of Appeal California) (pdf)
DVD Copy Control Association vs. Andrew Bunner (Supreme Court of California) (pdf)
Eminem's Suit Over Apple iPod Ad - Court Documents (findlaw.com) (pdf)
321 Studios. v. Metro Goldwyn Mayer Studios, Inc. et al., (321studios.com) (pdf)
Ellison v. America Online Inc. (caselaw.lp.findlaw.com) (pdf)
Private Copying 2003-2004 (Copyright Board, Canada) (pdf)
Diebold E-Voting Case Page (cyberlaw.stanford.edu)
Chamerlain Group, Inc. v. Skylink Technologies, Inc. (eff.org) - Memorandum Opinion and Order (pdf)
Bonneville Intl Corp v. Peters No. 01-3720P - 10/17/2003 (pdf)
CLCV v. EMI Music France (juriscom.net) (pdf)
In Re: Aimster Copyright Litigation. Appeal of John Deep (uscourts.gov) (pdf)
Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. Et Al. No. 02-428 (supremecourtus.gov) (pdf)
Re: Verizon Internet Services Inc.(dcd.uscourts.gov) (pdf)
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, INC. (findlaw.com)
Re: Verizon Internet Services Inc., Subpoena Enforcement Matter (politechbot.com) (pdf)
Eldred v. Ashcroft, No. 01-618 (supremecourtus.gov) (pdf)
Supreme Court Rules in Eldred v. Ashcroft, Upholding Copyright Term Extension (copyright.gov) - Resource Site
Pavlovich v. Superior Court (DVD Copyright Control Association, Inc.) (courtinfo.ca.gov) (pdf)
Re: Aimster Copyright Litigation (nysd.uscourts.gov) (pdf)
DVD Case - Pavlovich vs. DVD-CCA (dvdcase.org)
Bowers v. Baystate Technologies, INC. No. 011108 - 08/20/2002
Veeck v Southern Bldg Code (laws.lp.findlaw.com)
Paramount Pictures Corporation, et al. vs. Replay TV, et al. (fenwick.com) (pdf)
Canadian Copyright Board - Private Copying (cb-cda.gc.ca) (pdf)
Bird v. Parsons (laws.lp.findlaw.com) - (Dotster, Inc. and Afternic.com Case)
CCH Canadian Limited vs. The Law Society Of Upper Canada (Federal Court of Canada)
Random House, INC v Rosetta Books LLC (U.S. 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals)
Chambers v Time Warner, INC. (U.S. 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals)
EFF Topics: Free Jon Johansen! - Norway v. Johansen Case
Suntrust v. Houghton Mifflin (U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals)
New York Times Co., Inc. et al. V. Tasini et. Al (U.S Supreme Court)
Recent Decisions on Copyright - U.S. Supreme Court
Selected Historic Copyright Decisions - U.S. Supreme Court
Recent Decisions on Copyright - U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals
Policy Papers
Is P2P dying or just hiding? (caida.org)
Copyright Issues in Digital Media (cbo.gov)
Household Internet Use Survey 2003 (statcan.ca)
Status Report on Copyright Reform (strategis.ic.gc.ca)
IFPI Online Music Report 2004 (ifpi.org) (pdf)
Major Music Industry Survey Reveals Stats on Music Use and Legalities (immedia.com.au)
Implications of the Broadcast Flag : A Public Interest Primer(cdt.org) (pdf)
Music Downloading, File-sharing and Copyright: A Pew Internet Project Data Memo (pewinternet.org)
Survey On Implementaion Provisions of the WCT and the WPPT (wipo.int) (pdf - 900 Pages)
Expanding Global Economies : The Benefits of Reducing Software Piracy (Business Software Alliance)
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT SEIZES TOP INTERNET SITE INVOLVED IN COPYRIGHT PIRACY (usdoj.gov)
Unintended Consequences: Four Years under the DMCA (eff.org) v.2
Commission proposes Directive to bolster the fight against piracy and counterfeiting (europa.eu.int)
Technology and Record Company Policy Principles - Issued Jointly by the BSA, CSPP and RIAA (bsa.org) (pdf)
Intellectual Property on the Internet: A Survey of Issues (WIPO)
The Darknet and the Future of Content Distribution (crypto.stanford.edu) (.doc)
The Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC) - UK Implementation
Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2002-38 (crtc.gc.ca)
30th Accession To Key Copyright Treaty Paves Way For Entry Into Force (wipo.int)
Study Required by Section 104 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (loc.gov)
Study on Database Protection and Canadian Laws (1999)
Copyright and the Information Highway - 1995 position paper by the Canadian Association of Photographers and Illustrators in Communications
Intellectual Property Enforcement Guidelines- 1999 draft from Competition Bureau
Recommendations of the Task Force on Digitization (Final report, 1997)
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Copyright
Last Archived 01.05.09
Copyright 101 : U.S.
Copyright
A form of protection provided to authors of "original works of authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. Gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies or phonorecords, perform the work publicly, display the copyrighted work publicly, and to perform the work publicly. Works come under copyright protection the moment they are created and fixed in a tangible form so that it is perceptible either directly or with the aid of a machine or device.
Applies to
Original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works such as poetry, novels, movies, songs, computer software and architecture.
Does not apply to
1. Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression
2. Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring; mere listings of ingredients or contents.
3. Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, as distinguished from a description, explanation, or illustration.
4. Works consisting entirely of information that is common property and containing no original authorship.
Owner
1. Copyright in the work of authorship immediately becomes the property of the author who created the work. Only the author or those deriving their rights through the author can rightfully claim copyright.
2. In the case of works made for hire, the employer and not the employee is considered to be the author.
Foreign validity
Many countries maintain copyright relations with the United States, click here for a list.
Publication
According to statute, "Publication is the distribution of copies or phonorecords of a work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending. The offering to distribute copies or phonorecords to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display constitutes publication. A public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication." Generally, publication occurs on the date on which copies of the work are first made available to the public.
